ZAŠTITA PRAVA SLABIJE UGOVORNE STRANE U SKLADU SA PRINCIPIMA EVROPSKOG UGOVORNOG PRAVA OSIGURANJA
Ključne reči:
Principi evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja, opcioni instrument, slabija ugovorna strana, obaveza informisanja, obaveza prijava okolnosti, povećanje rizika
Apstrakt
Analiza domaćeg i uporednog zakonodavstva ukazuje da je i dalje prisutan nekadašnji trend regulisanja ugovornog prava osiguranja, koji se ogleda u nastojanju zakonodavaca da obezbede osiguravača od prevarnog postupanja ugovarača osiguranja. Ipak, koristeći uporednopravni i istorijski metod, ustanovili smo da nacionalni zakonodavci sve više pristupaju izmeni pravnih propisa u cilju održavanja koraka sa savremenim tendencijama, koje se ogledaju u pružanju neophodne zaštite slabijoj ugovornoj strani, tj. uslovno govoreći, potrošaču. Iz tog razloga, predmet istraživanja su određeni mehanizmi zaštite prava slabije ugovorne strane u Principima evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja, budući da je reč o izvoru mekog prava, čiji autori su nastojali da sublimiraju što je moguće veći broj pozitivnih rešenja i uzora za postizanje većeg nivoa zaštite slabije ugovorne strane.
U radu su predstavljena neka od rešenja iz Principa koja, po mišljenju autora, obezbeđuju povećanje prava slabije ugovorne strane prema osiguravaču, uz smanjenje njihovih obaveza i isključivanje isuviše strogih sankcija u slučaju pogrešnog ponašanja. Iako verovatno Principi neće ući u proces ozakonjenja na nivou Evropske unije, makar u skorijoj budućnosti, i dalje ostaje mogućnost za njihov uticaj na nacionalnom zakonodavnom i naučnom nivou. O tome svedoči i ovaj rad, čiji rezultati mogu doprineti preispitivanju aktuelnih domaćih zakonskih rešenja, i to tako što se mogu iskoristiti kao model za izmenu i unapređenje nacionalnog zakonodavstva.
Reference
Literatura
Basedow, J. 2000. Die Gesetzgebung zum Versicherungsvertrag zwischen europäischer Integration und Verbraucherpolitik. In: Facilides F. & Schnyder A. (Hrsg.), Versicherungsrecht in Europa – Kernperspektiven am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Basel: Helbing & Lichtenbahn, pp. 13–58.
Basedow, J. 2003. Insurance Contract as Part of an Optional European Contract Act. ERA Forum, 4, pp. 56–65.
Basedow, J. 2006. Die Laufzeit von Versicherungsverträgen als rechtsökonomisches Problem. In: Siegel, T. et al. (Hrsg.), Unternehmung, Versicherungen und Rechnungswesen, Festschrift zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres von Dieter Rückle. Berlin: Duncker & Humboldt, pp. 143 - 160.
Borselli, A. 2011. Unfair Terms in Insurance Contracts. European Insurance Law Review, 2, pp. 36–42.
Brand, O. 2009. Grenzen der Vorvertraglichen Anzeigepflichten des Versicherungsnehmers. Versicherungsrecht, 16, pp. 715–721.
Brand, O. 2012. Verbraucherschutz im Versicherungsrecht. In: Lorenz, E. (Hrsg.), Karlsruher Forum 2011: Verbraucherschutz – Entwicklungen und Grenzen. Karlsruhe: Verlag Versicherungswissenschaft, pp. 55–93.
Cousy, H. 2008. The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: The Duty od Disclosure and the Aggravation of Risk. Academy od European Law, 9, pp. 119–132.
Čorkalo, M. 2016. Potrošač u pravu osiguranja. Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 1, pp. 260–279.
Ćeranić, J. 2018. Diferencirana integracija – instrument za prevazilaženje različitosti između država članica EU – sa posebnim osvrtom na njene implikacije na univerzalno i osobeno u pravu EU. U: Miljković, S. (ur.), Univerzalno i osobeno pravo. Kosovska Mitrovica: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, pp. 63–78.
Đorđević, S. 2011. Principi Evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja – Budući opcionalni instrument prava EU?. Revija za pravo osiguranja, 2, pp. 19–28.
Ebers, M. 2004. Information and Advising requirements in the Financial Services Sector: Principles and Pecularities in EC Law. Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, 2, pp. 1–16.
Fontaine, M. 2011. An Academic View. In: Heiss, H. & Lakhan, M. (eds.), Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: A Model Optional Instrument. Munich: European Law Publisher, pp. 29–34.
Glintić, M. 2015. Uspostavljanje 29. pravnog režima za ugovorno pravo osiguranja kao uslov funkcionisanja unutrašnjeg evropskog tržišta. Pravni život, 12, pp. 229–244.
Heiss, H. & Downes, N. 2005. Non- Optional Elements in an Optional European Contract Law: Reflections from a Private International Law Perspective. European Review of Private Law, 13, pp. 693–712.
Heiss, H. 2006. Molbilität und Versicherung. Versicherungsrecht, pp. 448–455.
Heiss, H. 2012. Insurance Contract Between Business Law and Consumer Protection. In: Brown, K. & Snyder, D. (eds.), General Reports of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 335–353.
Heiss, H. 2016. Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: Introduction. In: Basedow, J. et al. (ed.) Principles of European Insurance Contract Law. Köln: Otto Schmidt, pp. 7–14.
Hinchliffe, P. 2008. Review of Principles of European Insurance Law. ERA Forum, 9, pp. 167- 175.
Ivančević, K. 2008. Zaštita potrošača kroz zakonske odredbe koje se odnose na ugovor o osiguranju. U: Slavnić, J., Šulejić, P. & Pak, J. (ur.), Evropski put prava osiguranja Srbije, posebno ugovora o osiguranju. Palić: Udruženje za pravo osiguranja Srbije i Crne Gore, pp. 369–391.
Ivančević, K. 2016. Zaštita korisnika finansijske usluge osiguranja pri zaključenju ugovora na daljinu u Srbiji. Evropska revija za pravo osiguranja, 1, pp. 10–19.
Langer, D. & Rosenow, J. 2006. Konsumentenschutz bei der Vermittlung von Versicherungsverträgen in der Schweiz und in Europe. In: Thévenoz, L. & Reich, N. (eds.), Liber Amicorum Bernd Stauder: droit de la consommation. Geneve: Schulthess, pp. 195–225.
Luik, O. 2011. Do the Principles of European Insurance Contract Law Go Too Far in Protecting the Polycholder. Juridica International, pp. 73–83.
Luik, O., Ratnik. R. & Braun, M. 2015. Aggravation of Risk and Precautionary Measures in Non - Life Insurance: A Tricky Scope for the Insurer. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 8(2), pp. 2 - 45.
Möller, H. 1988. Rechtsvereinheitlichung oder Rechtsvielfalt? Überlegungen vor dem Modell des Versicherungsvertragsrechts. Europarecht, IPR, Rechtsvergleichung. Wien, pp. 155 –170.
Petrović Tomić, N. 2014. Nepravične klauzule i Principi evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja. Evropska revija za pravo osiguranja, 2, pp. 44–51.
Petrović Tomić, N. 2015. Zaštita potrošača usluga osiguranja, Analiza i predlog unapređenja regulatornog okvira. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Radović, Z. 2018. Principi evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja. Tokovi osiguranja, 1, pp. 143–145.
Rühl, G. 2005. Die vorvetragliche Anzeigpflichte: Empfehlungen für ein europäisches Versicherungsvertagsrecht. Die Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft, 3, pp. 479–515.
Rühl, G. 2006. Common Law, Civil Law and The Single European Market for Insurance. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 4, pp. 879–910.
Rokas, I. 2013. Principles of European Insurance Contract Law as a settled and balanced system of policyholder protection. European Law Review, 1, pp. 37–41.
Slavnić, J. 2017. Obaveza osiguranika da sarađuje sa osiguravačem u utvrđivanju nastanka osiguranog slučaja u savremenim evropskim pravima. Tokovi osiguranja, 2, pp. 7–38.
Tereszkiewicz, P. 2013. The Europeanisation of Insurance Contract Law: The Insurer’s Duty to Advice and its Regulation in German and European Law. In: Devenney J. & Kenny M. (eds.), The Transformation of European Private Law, Harmonisation, Consolidation, Codification or Chaos?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 235–255.
Unan, S. 2014. Insurer’s Information Duties under the PEICL. In: Unan, S. & Noussia K. (eds.), Consumer Protection: Some further Thoughts. Athens, pp. 25–34.
Wandt, M. 2010. Versicherungsrecht. Carl Heymanns Verlag: Frankfurt am Main.
Wansink, H. & Frenk, N. 2012. Some Reflections on Consumer Protection and the Requirement of Anticipating Behaviour of a Prudent Insurer. Erasmus Law Review, 2, pp. 97–104.
Internet izvori
Heiss, H. 2010. The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: An Optional Instrument. European Parliament: Brussels. Dostupno na: http://my.liuc.it/MatSup/2013/L82/peicl%20note%20from%20parliament_21_10.pdf (27.5.2020).
Pravni izvori
Code des assurances - dernière modification: 1 septembre 2020. Codice Civile, D.L. 16 luglio 2020, n. 76 e dal D.L. 8 aprile 2020, n. 23.
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representation) Act 2012, UK Public General Acts, 2012. Versicherungsvetragsgestz Deutschland – VVG, 2007, BGBI. I S. 2631, BGBI. I S. 1028. Versicherungsvertragsgesetz Österreich, BGBl. Nr. 2/1959, BGBl. I Nr. 51/2018.
Versicherungsvertragsgesetz Schweiz, AS 24 719.
EEC, 1968 Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, OJ L 299, 31.12.1972, pp. 32–42.
EEC, Council Directive of 93/13 of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contract, OJ L 95/29, 21.04. 1993, pp. 29–34.
EEC, Council Directive 90/619 of 8 November 1990 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance, laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 79/267/EEC, OJ L 330, 29.11.1990, pp. 50–61.
EEC, Council Directive 92/49 of 18 June 1992 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and amending Directives 73/239/EEC and 88/357/EEC, OJ L 228, 11.8.1992, pp. 1–23.
EEC, Council Directive 92/96 of 10 November 1992 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance and amending Directives 79/267/EEC and 90/619/EEC, OJ L 360, 9.12.1992, pp. 1–2.
EEC, Council Regulation No 2137/85 of 25 July 1985 on European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG), OJ L 199, pp. 1–9.
EC, Council Regulation No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs, OJ L 3/1, pp. 1–24.
EC, Directive 2005/29 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, OJ L 149, p. 22- 39.
EC, Directive 2009/138 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking – up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solevency II), OJ L 335, 17.12.2009, pp. 1–155.
EC, Directive 2002/92 of the European Parliament and of the Council od 9 December on insurance mediation, OJ L 9, pp. 3–10.
EC, Regulation no 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), OJ L 177, 4. 7. 2008, pp. 6–16.
Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance, OJ L 304, pp. 260–284.
EEC, First Council Directive 73/239 of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance, OJ L 228, 16.8.1973, pp. 3–19.
EEC, First Council Directive 79/267 of 5 March 1979 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of direct life assurance, OJ L 63, 13.3.1979, pp. 1–18.
EC, Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (No 593/2008), OJ L 177, 4.7.2008, pp. 6–16.
EEC, Second Council Directive 88/357 of 22 June 1988 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 73/239/EEC, OJ L 172, 4.7.1988, pp. 1–2.
Sudska praksa
ICJ, Commission of the European Communities v. Federal Republic of Germany (Case 205/84), 4.12.1986, OJ of the European Communities, No C 8/3.
Basedow, J. 2000. Die Gesetzgebung zum Versicherungsvertrag zwischen europäischer Integration und Verbraucherpolitik. In: Facilides F. & Schnyder A. (Hrsg.), Versicherungsrecht in Europa – Kernperspektiven am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Basel: Helbing & Lichtenbahn, pp. 13–58.
Basedow, J. 2003. Insurance Contract as Part of an Optional European Contract Act. ERA Forum, 4, pp. 56–65.
Basedow, J. 2006. Die Laufzeit von Versicherungsverträgen als rechtsökonomisches Problem. In: Siegel, T. et al. (Hrsg.), Unternehmung, Versicherungen und Rechnungswesen, Festschrift zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres von Dieter Rückle. Berlin: Duncker & Humboldt, pp. 143 - 160.
Borselli, A. 2011. Unfair Terms in Insurance Contracts. European Insurance Law Review, 2, pp. 36–42.
Brand, O. 2009. Grenzen der Vorvertraglichen Anzeigepflichten des Versicherungsnehmers. Versicherungsrecht, 16, pp. 715–721.
Brand, O. 2012. Verbraucherschutz im Versicherungsrecht. In: Lorenz, E. (Hrsg.), Karlsruher Forum 2011: Verbraucherschutz – Entwicklungen und Grenzen. Karlsruhe: Verlag Versicherungswissenschaft, pp. 55–93.
Cousy, H. 2008. The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: The Duty od Disclosure and the Aggravation of Risk. Academy od European Law, 9, pp. 119–132.
Čorkalo, M. 2016. Potrošač u pravu osiguranja. Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 1, pp. 260–279.
Ćeranić, J. 2018. Diferencirana integracija – instrument za prevazilaženje različitosti između država članica EU – sa posebnim osvrtom na njene implikacije na univerzalno i osobeno u pravu EU. U: Miljković, S. (ur.), Univerzalno i osobeno pravo. Kosovska Mitrovica: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, pp. 63–78.
Đorđević, S. 2011. Principi Evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja – Budući opcionalni instrument prava EU?. Revija za pravo osiguranja, 2, pp. 19–28.
Ebers, M. 2004. Information and Advising requirements in the Financial Services Sector: Principles and Pecularities in EC Law. Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, 2, pp. 1–16.
Fontaine, M. 2011. An Academic View. In: Heiss, H. & Lakhan, M. (eds.), Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: A Model Optional Instrument. Munich: European Law Publisher, pp. 29–34.
Glintić, M. 2015. Uspostavljanje 29. pravnog režima za ugovorno pravo osiguranja kao uslov funkcionisanja unutrašnjeg evropskog tržišta. Pravni život, 12, pp. 229–244.
Heiss, H. & Downes, N. 2005. Non- Optional Elements in an Optional European Contract Law: Reflections from a Private International Law Perspective. European Review of Private Law, 13, pp. 693–712.
Heiss, H. 2006. Molbilität und Versicherung. Versicherungsrecht, pp. 448–455.
Heiss, H. 2012. Insurance Contract Between Business Law and Consumer Protection. In: Brown, K. & Snyder, D. (eds.), General Reports of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 335–353.
Heiss, H. 2016. Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: Introduction. In: Basedow, J. et al. (ed.) Principles of European Insurance Contract Law. Köln: Otto Schmidt, pp. 7–14.
Hinchliffe, P. 2008. Review of Principles of European Insurance Law. ERA Forum, 9, pp. 167- 175.
Ivančević, K. 2008. Zaštita potrošača kroz zakonske odredbe koje se odnose na ugovor o osiguranju. U: Slavnić, J., Šulejić, P. & Pak, J. (ur.), Evropski put prava osiguranja Srbije, posebno ugovora o osiguranju. Palić: Udruženje za pravo osiguranja Srbije i Crne Gore, pp. 369–391.
Ivančević, K. 2016. Zaštita korisnika finansijske usluge osiguranja pri zaključenju ugovora na daljinu u Srbiji. Evropska revija za pravo osiguranja, 1, pp. 10–19.
Langer, D. & Rosenow, J. 2006. Konsumentenschutz bei der Vermittlung von Versicherungsverträgen in der Schweiz und in Europe. In: Thévenoz, L. & Reich, N. (eds.), Liber Amicorum Bernd Stauder: droit de la consommation. Geneve: Schulthess, pp. 195–225.
Luik, O. 2011. Do the Principles of European Insurance Contract Law Go Too Far in Protecting the Polycholder. Juridica International, pp. 73–83.
Luik, O., Ratnik. R. & Braun, M. 2015. Aggravation of Risk and Precautionary Measures in Non - Life Insurance: A Tricky Scope for the Insurer. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 8(2), pp. 2 - 45.
Möller, H. 1988. Rechtsvereinheitlichung oder Rechtsvielfalt? Überlegungen vor dem Modell des Versicherungsvertragsrechts. Europarecht, IPR, Rechtsvergleichung. Wien, pp. 155 –170.
Petrović Tomić, N. 2014. Nepravične klauzule i Principi evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja. Evropska revija za pravo osiguranja, 2, pp. 44–51.
Petrović Tomić, N. 2015. Zaštita potrošača usluga osiguranja, Analiza i predlog unapređenja regulatornog okvira. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Radović, Z. 2018. Principi evropskog ugovornog prava osiguranja. Tokovi osiguranja, 1, pp. 143–145.
Rühl, G. 2005. Die vorvetragliche Anzeigpflichte: Empfehlungen für ein europäisches Versicherungsvertagsrecht. Die Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft, 3, pp. 479–515.
Rühl, G. 2006. Common Law, Civil Law and The Single European Market for Insurance. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 4, pp. 879–910.
Rokas, I. 2013. Principles of European Insurance Contract Law as a settled and balanced system of policyholder protection. European Law Review, 1, pp. 37–41.
Slavnić, J. 2017. Obaveza osiguranika da sarađuje sa osiguravačem u utvrđivanju nastanka osiguranog slučaja u savremenim evropskim pravima. Tokovi osiguranja, 2, pp. 7–38.
Tereszkiewicz, P. 2013. The Europeanisation of Insurance Contract Law: The Insurer’s Duty to Advice and its Regulation in German and European Law. In: Devenney J. & Kenny M. (eds.), The Transformation of European Private Law, Harmonisation, Consolidation, Codification or Chaos?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 235–255.
Unan, S. 2014. Insurer’s Information Duties under the PEICL. In: Unan, S. & Noussia K. (eds.), Consumer Protection: Some further Thoughts. Athens, pp. 25–34.
Wandt, M. 2010. Versicherungsrecht. Carl Heymanns Verlag: Frankfurt am Main.
Wansink, H. & Frenk, N. 2012. Some Reflections on Consumer Protection and the Requirement of Anticipating Behaviour of a Prudent Insurer. Erasmus Law Review, 2, pp. 97–104.
Internet izvori
Heiss, H. 2010. The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: An Optional Instrument. European Parliament: Brussels. Dostupno na: http://my.liuc.it/MatSup/2013/L82/peicl%20note%20from%20parliament_21_10.pdf (27.5.2020).
Pravni izvori
Code des assurances - dernière modification: 1 septembre 2020. Codice Civile, D.L. 16 luglio 2020, n. 76 e dal D.L. 8 aprile 2020, n. 23.
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representation) Act 2012, UK Public General Acts, 2012. Versicherungsvetragsgestz Deutschland – VVG, 2007, BGBI. I S. 2631, BGBI. I S. 1028. Versicherungsvertragsgesetz Österreich, BGBl. Nr. 2/1959, BGBl. I Nr. 51/2018.
Versicherungsvertragsgesetz Schweiz, AS 24 719.
EEC, 1968 Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, OJ L 299, 31.12.1972, pp. 32–42.
EEC, Council Directive of 93/13 of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contract, OJ L 95/29, 21.04. 1993, pp. 29–34.
EEC, Council Directive 90/619 of 8 November 1990 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance, laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 79/267/EEC, OJ L 330, 29.11.1990, pp. 50–61.
EEC, Council Directive 92/49 of 18 June 1992 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and amending Directives 73/239/EEC and 88/357/EEC, OJ L 228, 11.8.1992, pp. 1–23.
EEC, Council Directive 92/96 of 10 November 1992 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life assurance and amending Directives 79/267/EEC and 90/619/EEC, OJ L 360, 9.12.1992, pp. 1–2.
EEC, Council Regulation No 2137/85 of 25 July 1985 on European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG), OJ L 199, pp. 1–9.
EC, Council Regulation No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs, OJ L 3/1, pp. 1–24.
EC, Directive 2005/29 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, OJ L 149, p. 22- 39.
EC, Directive 2009/138 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking – up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solevency II), OJ L 335, 17.12.2009, pp. 1–155.
EC, Directive 2002/92 of the European Parliament and of the Council od 9 December on insurance mediation, OJ L 9, pp. 3–10.
EC, Regulation no 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), OJ L 177, 4. 7. 2008, pp. 6–16.
Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance, OJ L 304, pp. 260–284.
EEC, First Council Directive 73/239 of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance, OJ L 228, 16.8.1973, pp. 3–19.
EEC, First Council Directive 79/267 of 5 March 1979 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of direct life assurance, OJ L 63, 13.3.1979, pp. 1–18.
EC, Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (No 593/2008), OJ L 177, 4.7.2008, pp. 6–16.
EEC, Second Council Directive 88/357 of 22 June 1988 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life assurance and laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 73/239/EEC, OJ L 172, 4.7.1988, pp. 1–2.
Sudska praksa
ICJ, Commission of the European Communities v. Federal Republic of Germany (Case 205/84), 4.12.1986, OJ of the European Communities, No C 8/3.
