(RE)DEFINISANJE KONCEPTA BEZBEDNOSTI IZ ASPEKTA SAVREMENIH IMIGRACIJA
Apstrakt
Autori u radu analiziraju savremeni koncept bezbednosti, uz poseban osvrt na bezbednosne aspekte migracija. Nakon uvodnih napomena, u kome su pre svega date određene terminološke odrednice, kao i osvrt na istorijski razvoj shvatanja pojma bezbednosti, ukazano je na uticaj globalizacije na nacionalnu bezbednost, te postojanje nužne međuzavisnosti država u savremenom dobu. Iz navedenog razloga, u radu je posebno istaknut značaj međunarodnih organizacija, kao i međunarodnih dokumenata koji predstavljaju osnovne smernice za postupanje sa bezbednosnim rizicima sa kojima se savremeno društvo susreće. Mada se u literaturi ukazuje na niz bezbednosnih izazova i pretnji, čini se da se poslednjih godina kao poseban problem javio problem masovnih migracija, što je bio razlog da druga velika celina u ovom radu bude posvećena upravo bezbednosnim aspektima migracija i to u dva osnovna pravca: prvo, ukazivanje na osnovne probleme koji nastaju kao posledica postojanja migracija i drugo, predstavljanje modela reagovanja na migracionu krizu. Zaključnim razmatranjima, posvećen je poslednji deo rada, pri čemu su se autori pre svega okrenuli pitanjima državne reakcije na migrantsku krizu. Kada je reč o poslednjoj krizi, primetna su dva osnova modela na osnovu kojih su države reagovale i to: humanitarni pristup sa jedne strane i socijalno-ekonomski pristup i sekuritizacija, sa druge strane, pri čemu su neke države primale migrante, druge omogućavale njihov tranzit, a neke zabranile prolaz. Smatramo da je neophodno opredeljenje za prvi, humanitarni pristup migracijama, koji bi se pre svega ogledao u integraciji, te jedinstvenoj migracionoj politici, uz obavezno poštovanje ljudskih prava. U tom smislu, ovakve ideje bi trebalo osnažiti pre svega na međunarodnom planu, uz donošenje adekvatnih Konvencija pod okriljem Ujedinjenih nacija, koje bi bile dobar putokaz i osnov za jedinstveno postupanje. Na taj način, iako migrantska kriza ne bi bila rešena u svim svojim aspektima, zaisgurno bi bio trasiran jedinstven put koji bi doprineo da se, uz niz drugih mehanizama, ostvari princip humanosti na kojima počivaju moderna društva.
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