RADNOPRAVNI POLOŽAJ DIGITALNIH RADNIKA - ISKUSTVA EVROPSKIH ZEMALJA
Apstrakt
Upotreba informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija (IKT) unosi značajne novine u proces rada i dovodi do pojave novih zanimanja i profesija. Ovakva digitalizacija rada utiče na povećanje efikasnosti i lakše obavljanje niza poslova, ali i na prekarizaciju rada i izmeštanje fokusa poslodavaca sa radnog odnosa na druge, atipične forme rada. Istovremeno, digitalni radnici koji rade u radnom odnosu različita prava ostvaruju na specifičan način. Digitalni rad podrazumeva u većini slučajeva i fizičku odvojenost od poslodavca, što otvara niz pitanja: kako organizovati radno vreme, kako vršiti nadzor nad radom digitalnih radnika, kako oni mogu ostvariti svoja kolektivna prava, kako poslodavac može urediti bezbednu radnu sredinu kod rada van njegovih prostorija i slično. S druge strane, radnici koji rade van radnog odnosa, među kojima se posebno izdvajaju platformski samozaposleni radnici i frilenseri, nalaze se u značajno težem položaju kada je reč o ostvarivanju osnovnih prava po osnovu rada. Pojava lažne samozaposlenosti, koja beleži ekspanziju uporedo sa rastom korišćenja IKT-a u procesu rada u raznim zanimanjima, kao i praktično nerešen status „slobodnih zaposlenih“ koji rade isključivo u kratkoročnim oblicima radnog angažovanja za više poslodavaca simultano ili sukcesivno, neki su od najaktuelnijih problema kada je reč o savremenom radnom pravu. Istraživanje je usmereno ka analizi svih ovih pitanja; ono se u najvećoj meri ne bavi bazičnim pojašnjavanjem pojmova i razvoja određenih kategorija radnog angažovanja - ova pitanja su obrađena samo površno - već ukazuje na nadogradnju početnih tendencija izmena u shvatanju rada i radnog odnosa, sa naročitim naglaskom na povratak klasičnoj formi uređenja radnog odnosa, koja je oplemenjena i osavremenjena novim elementima koji proističu iz digitalizacije rada.
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