RAZVOJ IDEJE O NACIONALNIM INSTITUCIJAMA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA: OD PRVE SKICE DO ŽENEVSKIH SMERNICA (1946–1978)

Luka S. Glušac

doi:10.5937/spz66-36226

Luka S. Glušac, PhD
e-mail: luka.glusac@instifdt.bg.ac.rs
Naučni saradnik u Institutu za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju Univerzi- teta u Beogradu, Srbija https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-6839

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/spz66-36226

Ključne reči: nacionalne institucije za ljudska prava, mehanizmi za ljudska prava, Ujedinjene nacije, ombudsman, Savet za ljudska prava, Ženevske smernice

Apstrakt

Koncept nacionalnih institucija za ljudska prava kakav danas poznajemo nastao je pod okriljem Ujedinjenih nacija. Iako su nacionalne institucije za ljudska prava u savremenom kontekstu predmet rastućeg broja istraživanja, evolutivni put same ideje o njihovom stvaranju ostao je umnogome neosvetljen. Ovim radom se želi doprineti popunjavanju te praznine u literaturi tako što se kroz analizu ključnih dokumenata nastalih u radu Ujedinjenih nacija prati istorijat ideje o nacionalnim institucijama za ljudska prava od kraja Drugog svetskog rata do usvajanja Ženevskih smernica 1978. godine. Rad otkiva kako se sam koncept nacionalnih institucija za ljudska prava razvijao kroz vreme, kako je razumevan, koje funkcije su vezivane za ove institucije, a koje organizacione forme uzimane kao modeli. U radu se sagledavaju kretanja stavova država članica u odnosu na dato pitanje i omogućava bolje razumevanje konteksta u kojem se ova ideja razvijala. S tim u vezi, rad nudi nova saznanja o tome kako je proces pregovaranja osnovnih konvencija UN o ljudskim pravima uticao na razvoj ideje o stvaranju nacionalnih institucija za ljudska prava, što je faktor koji dosad nije razmatran.

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