PRANJE NOVCA PUTEM VISOKOTEHNOLOŠKOG KRIMINALA I DIGITALNI DOKAZI
Apstrakt
Široka zavisnost od digitalnih sistema i povećana vrednost digitalne trgovine u metaverzumu povećali su sajber ranjivost. Sajber-kriminal će biti profitabilniji od globalne trgovine svim glavnim ilegalnim drogama zajedno, dok Cybersecurity Ventures očekuje da će globalni troškovi sajber kriminala rasti za 15% godišnje do 2025. godine. Sajber kriminal je promenio tradicionalne metode pranja novca koje je teško otkriti jer se isti može počiniti bilo gde u svetu. Pretnja koju predstavljaju metodologije pranja novca sajber kriminala pogoršana je usled pandemije Covid-19.
Za istragu cyber laundering-a e-dokazi su ključni, što potvrđuje i procena Evropske komisije da 85% krivičnih istraga zahteva elektronske dokaze. Dodatni izazov za istražne organe za sprovođenje zakona predstavlja činjenica da organizovani sajber kriminal postaje sve organizovaniji i da se verovatnoća otkrivanja i krivičnog gonjenja procenjuje na 0,05% u SAD. Štaviše, digitalne dokaze često drže pružaoci usluga - privatne kompanije sa sedištem u drugoj zemlji, što uzrokuje mnoge prepreke pristupu tim podacima od strane istražnih organa.
U radu se identifikuje uticaj Covid-19 na sajber kriminal i povećani rizik od cyber laundering (sajber pranja novca). U vezi sa istragom i procesuiranjem sajber pranja novca, u radu se analiziraju izazovi istražnih organa da prikupe podatke i dokaze u slučajevima sajber pranja novca i napore vlasti EU i SAD da olakšaju pristup digitalnim dokazima i relevantnim podacima koje čuvaju pružaoci usluga. Rad ukazuje na moguće nedostatke predloženih instrumenata i potrebu efikasnog reagovanja i prilagođavanja promenama u sajber kriminalu.
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