PRAVNI OKVIR I PRAKSA MEĐUNARODNE TRGOVINSKE ARBITRAŽE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI: “LEKCIJE” IZ REFORME REŠAVANJA SPOROVA IZMEĐU INVESTITORA I DRŽAVE (ISDS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56461/SPZ_24417KJKljučne reči:
međunarodna trgovinska arbitraža, investiciona arbitraža, Bosna i Hercegovina, ISDS reforma, rešavanje sporova, sprečavanje i ublažavanje sporova.Apstrakt
Međunarodna arbitraža, kako trgovinska tako i investiciona, postaje predmet sve većeg interesovanja, a takođe i njena uloga u praksi u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH), kao i regionu Zapadnog Balkana uopšte sve više raste. U protekloj deceniji zabeležen je povećan broj međunarodnih poslovnih transakcija i investicija, što posledi no povećava i broj sporova koji iz njih nastaju. Međutim, željeni napredak i rast trgovinske arbitraže su otežani zastarelim zakonodavnim i institucionalnim okvirom, dugotrajnim nedostatkom kapaciteta lokalnih sudova. Spor razvoj okvira trgovinske arbitraže leži u oštroj suprotnosti sa dinamikom u investicionoj arbitraži, koji prolazi kroz intenzivne reforme u BiH i širom sveta. U tom smislu, BiH je na čelu inovativnih zakonskih i institucionalnih reformi, revitalizujući svoje standarde zaštite investicija i stvarajući mehanizme za njihovu efikasnu primenu. Ovaj članak istražuje različite karakteristike dva pravna sistema u BiH, te tako analizira osnovna pitanja sa kojima se isti suočavaju, zatim njihove zajednički osobine, i faktore koji su doveli do “uspeha” investicione arbitraže, a koji bi mogli poslužiti kao primer prilikom reforme trgovinske arbitraže. U radu će se najpre će pružiti analiza postojećeg pravnog i institucionalnog okvira trgovinske arbitraže u BiH, uz naglašavanje njihove posebnosti, te ukazivanje na razlike u odnosu na važeće međunarodne standarde. Zatim se analiza okreće investicionoj arbitraži i navode se motivi, pozadina i konkretne reformske mere sprovedene u ovoj oblasti. Konačno, u članku se ukazuje na pojedine razlike između ova dva polja, te se nastoje da daju preporuke za njihovo međusobno unapređenje.
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