MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU AND NATIONALISTIC DISCOURSE IN THE WESTERN BALKANS – LEGAL ASPECTS

Uroš D. Ćemalović

doi:10.5937/spz63-23006

Autori

Uroš D. Ćemalović Institute of European Studies, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5937/spz63-23006

Ključne reči:

proces pristupanja EU, usklađivanje zakonodavstva, nacionalistički diskurs, Zapadni Balkan

Apstrakt

Potpirivanje međunacionalne netrpeljivosti, koji se rasplamsalo krajem osamdesetih i početkom devedesetih godina prošlog veka, imalo je tragične posledice za sve novonastale države u regionu Zapadnog Balkana. To je posebno bio slučaj kada su u pitanju odnosi između republika bivše Jugoslavije, čija se koegzistencija u okvirima federalne države završila nizom pogubnih oružanih sukoba, koji su podsticani oslanjanjem na nacionalističke mitove, auto-viktimizaciju i oživljavanje istorijskih trauma koje su imale svoje poreklo u prethodnim ratovima. Svi ovi fenomeni, kao i tenzije koje su izazvali, u širem evropskom kontekstu su doživeli delimično oživljavanje zbog globalne ekonomske i migracione krize, čineći pojavu koja se često označava terminom „novi nacionalizam“. Sa druge strane, sve države bivše Jugoslavije dele značajno i opsežno pravno, političko i kulturno nasleđe, dok, tokom već najmanje prethodne dve decenije, perspektiva (ili realizacija) članstva u Evropskoj uniji (EU) nesumnjivo ima izvesne smirujuće efekte na međunacionalne odnose u regionu Zapadnog Balkana. Jedan od značajnih vektora uticaja koje EU ostvaruje kako na svoje članice, tako i na države kandidate za članstvo, tiče se i procesa usklađivanja nacionalnih zakonodavstava sa pravnim tekovinama Unije. Iako su efekti ovog procesa na nacionalistički diskurs i netrpeljivost koju izaziva uglavnom meta-pravni i posredni, nesumnjivo je da politička agenda EU i njeno pravno-ekonomsko uređenje mogu značajno da utiču na smanjivanje međunacionalne netrpeljivosti. Ambicija ovog članka je da ukaže na ostvarene rezultate u ovom procesu, prepreke koje mu stoje na putu i neka od mogućih rešenja.

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